Eduqo
Indian Polity & Constitution›Ch 5: Judiciary›The Supreme Court of India
Master Article 124, Collegium system, removal and judicial jurisdictions for top competitive exams.
The Supreme Court, established under Article 124, is the apex judicial forum and final interpreter of the Constitution of India. It exercises original, appellate, and advisory jurisdictions to safeguard fundamental rights and maintain constitutional supremacy.
Memory Hooks
| Jurisdiction | Article | Core Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| Original | Article 131 | Centre-State disputes |
| Appellate | Articles 132-136 | Appeals against High Courts |
| Advisory | Article 143 | Reference by President |
Article 124
(Court Establishment)
Court Establishment
Supreme Court was established under Article 124.
Collegium
(Judge Appointments)
Judge Appointments
Collegium recommends judges for appointment.
Removal
(Impeachment Motion)
Impeachment Motion
Judges are removed via proved misbehavior.
Article 143
(Advisory Power)
Advisory Power
President seeks legal advice under Article 143.
President appoints judges alonePresident acts on Collegium advice
The President cannot appoint judges independently without the Collegium recommendation.
Advisory opinion is bindingAdvisory opinion is not binding
Supreme Court advice under Article 143 is purely advisory and never binding on the President.
Judges removed by simple majorityRemoved by special majority
Removal requires a special majority of Parliament plus proof of misbehavior or incapacity.
Q1.Which article of the Constitution deals with the establishment and constitution of the Supreme Court?
Q2.Under which Article can the President seek advisory opinion from the Supreme Court?