Eduqo
Indian Polity & Constitution›Ch 2: Rights & Duties›Fundamental Rights Overview
Articles 12-35, Justiciable Rights & Judicial Review
Fundamental Rights enshrined in Part III of the Constitution are justiciable and enforceable through courts. Article 13 empowers judiciary with judicial review against any law inconsistent with these rights, while the Right to Property was removed by the 44th Amendment 1978.
Memory Hooks
| Category | Articles | Core Focus |
|---|---|---|
| Right to Equality | Articles 14-18 | Law & equality |
| Right to Freedom | Articles 19-22 | Speech & liberty |
| Exploitation | Articles 23-24 | No forced labor |
| Religion & Culture | Articles 25-30 | Belief & minorities |
Part III
(Fundamental Freedoms Box)
Fundamental Freedoms Box
Contains guaranteed rights in the Constitution.
Article 13
(Judicial Review Shield)
Judicial Review Shield
Nullifies laws violating fundamental rights.
44th Amend
(Property Shift 1978)
Property Shift 1978
Moved property right to Article 300A.
Justiciable
(Court Enforceable)
Court Enforceable
You can directly approach Supreme Court.
Fundamental Rights are absoluteSubject to reasonable restrictions
Rights have exceptions for public order and security.
Property right is still a FRNow a legal right under 300A
Shifted by the 44th Amendment in 1978.
Article 13 applies only post-1950Applies to pre and post constitutional laws
Pre-constitutional laws inconsistent are void.
Q1.Which constitutional amendment removed the Right to Property from Fundamental Rights?
Q2.Which article provides for the doctrine of judicial review regarding laws inconsistent with Fundamental Rights?