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General Science›Ch 3: Biology›Respiratory & Excretory Systems
Master Lungs, Respiration, Nephrons & Dialysis for exams
Cellular respiration produces energy in mitochondria as ATP, while the kidney nephrons filter nitrogenous wastes to purify blood, and dialysis acts as artificial filtration.
Memory Hooks
| Process/Organ | Main Location | Key Product |
|---|---|---|
| Aerobic Respiration | Mitochondria | 38 ATP + CO2 |
| Anaerobic Respiration | Cytoplasm | Lactic Acid / 2 ATP |
| Nephron Filtration | Kidney Cortex/Medulla | Urine formation |
Alveoli
(Gas exchange sac)
Gas exchange sac
Oxygen diffuses across alveolar walls into blood capillaries.
Glomerulus
(Capillary blood filter)
Capillary blood filter
High pressure in glomerulus filters plasma into Bowman's capsule.
ATP
(Energy currency)
Energy currency
Mitochondria release energy stored in ATP molecules.
Dialyser
(Artificial kidney machine)
Artificial kidney machine
Cleans urea from blood when natural kidneys fail.
Anaerobic respiration gives 38 ATPAnaerobic respiration gives 2 ATP
Only aerobic respiration in mitochondria yields 38 ATP. Anaerobic yields only 2.
Dialysis uses active transport of ureaDialysis uses diffusion of urea
Dialysis depends on passive diffusion across a semi-permeable membrane, not active transport.
Kidneys filter blood in the loop of HenleGlomerulus filters blood plasma
Filtration happens in the glomerulus; the loop of Henle mainly reabsorbs water and salts.
Q1.Which structure in the human kidney is primarily responsible for blood filtration?
Q2.What is the net gain of ATP molecules produced in aerobic respiration of one glucose molecule?