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General Science›Ch 2: Chemistry›Matter and its States
Master solids, liquids, gases, plasma, BEC, and state changes for competitive exams.
Matter exists in five fundamental states based on temperature and pressure, and changes state through physical processes like sublimation and evaporation.
Memory Hooks
| State | Shape & Volume | Compressibility |
|---|---|---|
| Solid | Fixed shape & volume | Negligible |
| Liquid | Fixed volume, no shape | Low |
| Gas | No fixed shape/volume | High |
| Plasma | Superheated ionized gas | Very High |
Sublimation
(Solid to Gas)
Solid to Gas
Camphor and dry ice directly turn into vapor without melting.
Evaporation
(Cooling Effect)
Cooling Effect
Sweat evaporates from skin, absorbing heat and causing cooling.
Diffusion
(Intermixing)
Intermixing
Perfume smell spreads across a room due to high particle movement.
Plasma
(Glowing State)
Glowing State
Sun and stars glow brightly because they are made of plasma.
Melting of ice is a chemical changeMelting of ice is a physical change
No new chemical substance is formed; water merely changes its physical state.
Boiling happens only at 100°CBoiling point depends on external pressure
At high altitudes with low pressure, water boils at a temperature below 100°C.
Evaporation is same as boilingEvaporation happens at all temperatures
Evaporation is a surface phenomenon occurring at any temperature, unlike boiling.
Q1.Which of the following undergoes sublimation upon heating?
Q2.What causes the cooling effect during evaporation?